5.7 Architectures and Design for Cyber-Physical Systems
Date: Wednesday 11 March 2015
Time: 08:30 - 10:00
Location / Room: Les Bans
Chair:
Rolf Ernst, Technische Universität Braunschweig, DE
Co-Chair:
Paul Pop, Technical University of Denmark, DK
The session covers architectures for non-volatile processors, mixed-criticality, reliable and self-aware systems, and design optimisation issues such as system synthesis for reliability and cost, online scheduling and FPGA acceleration.
| Time | Label | Presentation Title Authors |
|---|---|---|
| 08:30 | 5.7.1 | OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF RELIABLE AND COST-EFFECTIVE CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES Speakers: Nikunj Bajaj1, Pierluigi Nuzzo1, Michael Masin2 and Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli1 1University of California at Berkeley, US; 2IBM Haifa Research Lab, IL Abstract We address the problem of synthesizing safety-critical cyber-physical system architectures to minimize a cost function while guaranteeing the desired reliability. We cast the problem as an integer linear program on a reconfigurable graph which models the architecture. Since generating symbolic probability constraints by exhaustive enumeration of failure cases on all possible graph configurations takes exponential time, we propose two algorithms to decrease the problem complexity, i.e. Integer-Linear Programming Modulo Reliability (ILP-MR) and Integer-Linear Programming with Approximate Reliability (ILP-AR). We compare the two approaches and demonstrate their effectiveness on the design of aircraft electric power system architectures. Download Paper (PDF; Only available from the DATE venue WiFi) |
| 09:00 | 5.7.2 | (Best Paper Award Candidate) SOFTWARE ASSISTED NON-VOLATILE REGISTER REDUCTION FOR ENERGY HARVESTING BASED CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEM Speakers: Mengying Zhao1, Qingan Li2, Mimi Xie3, Yongpan Liu4, Jingtong Hu3 and Jason Xue1 1City University of Hong Kong, HK; 2Wuhan University & City University of Hong Kong, CN; 3Oklahoma State University, US; 4Tsinghua University, CN Abstract Wearable devices are important components as information collector in many cyber-physical systems. Energy harvesting instead of battery is a better power source for these wearable devices due to many advantages. However, harvested energy is naturally unstable and program execution will be interrupted frequently. Non-volatile processors demonstrate promising advantages to back up volatile state before the system energy is depleted. However, it also introduces non-negligible energy and area overhead. Since the chip size is a vital factor for wearable devices, in this work, we target non-volatile register reduction for application-specific systems. We propose to analyze the application program and determine efficient backup positions, by which the necessary non-volatile register file size can be significantly reduced. The evaluation results deliver an average of 62.9% reduction on non-volatile register file size for stack backup, with negligible storage overheads. Download Paper (PDF; Only available from the DATE venue WiFi) |
| 09:30 | 5.7.3 | A RE-ENTRANT FLOWSHOP HEURISTIC FOR ONLINE SCHEDULING OF THE PAPER PATH IN A LARGE SCALE PRINTER Speakers: Umar Waqas1, Marc Geilen1, Jack Kandelaars2, Lou Somers3, Twan Basten1, Sander Stuijk1, Patrick Vestjens2 and Henk Corporaal1 1Eindhoven University of Technology, NL; 2Oce Technologies, NL; 3Oce technologies, NL Abstract A Large Scale Printer (LSP) is a Cyber Physical System (CPS) printing thousands of sheets per day with high quality. The print requests arrive at run-time requiring online scheduling. We capture the LSP scheduling problem as online scheduling of re-entrant flowshops with sequence dependent setup times and relative due dates with makespan minimization as the scheduling criterion. Exhaustive approaches like Mixed Integer Programming can be used, but they are compute intensive and not suited for online use. We present a novel heuristic for scheduling of LSPs that on average requires 0.3 seconds per sheet to find schedules for industrial test cases. We compare the schedules to lower bounds, to schedules generated by the current scheduler and schedules generated by a modified version of the classical NEH (MNEH) heuristic [1], [2]. On average, the proposed heuristic generates schedules that are 40% shorter than the current scheduler, have an average difference of 25% compared to the estimated lower bounds and generates schedules with less than 67% of the makespan of schedules generated by the MNEH heuristic. Download Paper (PDF; Only available from the DATE venue WiFi) |
| 09:45 | 5.7.4 | MPIOV: SCALING HARDWARE-BASED I/O VIRTUALIZATION FOR MIXED-CRITICALITY EMBEDDED REAL-TIME SYSTEMS USING NON TRANSPARENT BRIDGES TO (MULTI-CORE) MULTI-PROCESSOR SYSTEMS Speaker: Benny Akesson, Czech Technical University in Prague, CZ Authors: Daniel Muench1, Michael Paulitsch1, Oliver Hanka1 and Andreas Herkersdorf2 1Airbus Group Innovation, DE; 2TU Munich, DE Abstract Safety-critical systems consolidating multiple functionalities of different criticality (so-called mixed-criticality systems) require separation between these functionalities to assure safety and security properties. Performance-hungry and safety-critical applications (like a radar processing system steering an autonomous flying aircraft) can have demand for an embedded high-performance computing cluster of more than one (multi-core) processor. This paper presents the Multi-Processor I/O Virtualization (MPIOV)concept to enable hardware-based Input/Output (I/O) virtualization or sharing with separation among multiple (multi-core) processors in (mixed-criticality) embedded real-time systems which usually do not have means for separation like an Input/Output Memory Management Unit (IOMMU). The concept uses a non-Transparent Bridge (NTB) to connect each processing host to the management host while checking the target address and source / origin ID to decide whether to block a transaction or to pass a transaction. It is a standardized, portable and non-proprietary platform-independent spatial separation solution without requiring an IOMMU in the processor. Furthermore, the concept sketches an approach for PCI Express (PCIe)-based systems to enable sharing of up to 2048 (virtual) functions per end-point while still being compatible to the plain PCIe standard. A practical evaluation demonstrates that the impact to performance degradation (transfer time, transfer rate) is neglectable (about 0.01%) compared to a system using no separation. -Keywords: spatial separation, hardware-based I/O virtualization, non-transparent bridge (NTB), real-time embedded systems, mixed-criticality systems, IOMMU, IOMPU, multi-core, multi-processor Download Paper (PDF; Only available from the DATE venue WiFi) |
| 10:00 | IP2-11, 349 | CYBERPHYSICAL-SYSTEM-ON-CHIP (CPSOC) : A SELF-AWARE MPSOC PARADIGM WITH CROSS-LAYER VIRTUAL SENSING AND ACTUATION Speakers: Nikil Dutt1, Puneet Gupta2, Nalini Venkatasubramanian3 and Alex Nicolau1 1University of California Irvine, US; 2University of California Los Angeles, US; 3, Abstract Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are physical and engineered systems whose operations are monitored, coordinated, controlled, and integrated by a computing, control, and communication core. We propose Cyberphysical-System-on-Chips (CPSoC), a new class of sensor and actuator-rich multiprocessor systems-on-chip (MPSoCs), that augment MPSoCs with additional on-chip and cross-layer sensing and actuation capabilities to enable self-awareness within the observe-decide-act (ODA) paradigm. Unlike traditional MPSoC designs, CPSoC differs primarily on the co-design of computing-communication-control (C3) systems that interacts with the physical environment in real-time in order to adapt system behavior so as to dynamically react to environmental changes while achieving overall design goals. We illustrate CPSoC's potential through a virtual sensor network that accurately estimates run-time power for variability affected subsystems using noisy thermal sensors in improving system goals and Quality-of-Service (QoS). Download Paper (PDF; Only available from the DATE venue WiFi) |
| 10:01 | IP2-12, 753 | OCCUPANCY DETECTION VIA IBEACON ON ANDROID DEVICES FOR SMART BUILDING MANAGEMENT Speakers: Andrea Corna, Lorenzo Fontana, Alessandro Antonio Nacci and Donatella Sciuto, Politecnico di Milano, IT Abstract Building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are considered to be the main target for energy reduction due to their significant contribution to commercial buildings' energy consumption. Knowing a building's occupancy plays a crucial role in implementing demand-response HVAC. In this paper we propose a new solution based on the iBeacon technology. This solution is different from the previous ones because it leverages on the Bluetooth Low Energy standard, which provides lower power consumption. Moreover, the iBeacon protocol can be used both on iOs systems and Android ones, making this new approach portable. Differently from our previous work based on iOS devices, in this paper we focus on an Android based solution with the aim of increasing the accuracy of the location and the energy efficiency of the entire system. We increased the accuracy by 10% and the energy efficiency by 15%. Download Paper (PDF; Only available from the DATE venue WiFi) |
| 10:02 | IP2-13, 100 | A NEURAL MACHINE INTERFACE ARCHITECTURE FOR REAL-TIME ARTIFICIAL LOWER LIMB CONTROL Speakers: Jason Kane, Qing Yang, Robert Hernandez, Willard Simoneau and Matthew Seaton, University of Rhode Island, US Abstract This paper presents a novel architecture of a lower limb neural machine interface (NMI) for determination of user intent. Our new design and implementation paves the way for future bionic legs that require high speed real-time deterministic response, high accuracy, easy portability, and low power consumption. A working FPGA-based prototype has been built, and experiments have shown that it achieves average performance gains of around 8x that of the equivalent software algorithm running on an Intel Core i7 2670QM, or 24x that of an Intel Atom Z530 with no perceivable loss in accuracy. Furthermore, our fully pipelined and parallel non-linear support vector machine-based FPGA implementation led to a 6.4x speedup over an equivalent GPU-based design. In this paper, we also characterize our achieved timing margin to show that our design is capable of supporting real-time wireless communications. With additional refinement, such a wireless personal area network (PAN) system will provide improved flexibility on an individual basis for electromyography (EMG) sensor placement. Download Paper (PDF; Only available from the DATE venue WiFi) |
| 10:00 | End of session Coffee Break in Exhibition Area Coffee Break in Exhibition AreaOn all conference days (Tuesday to Thursday), coffee and tea will be served during the coffee breaks at the below-mentioned times in the exhibition area. Lunch BreakOn Tuesday and Wednesday, lunch boxes will be served in front of the session room Salle Oisans and in the exhibition area for fully registered delegates (a voucher will be given upon registration on-site). On Thursday, lunch will be served in Room Les Ecrins (for fully registered conference delegates only). Tuesday, March 10, 2015Coffee Break 10:30 - 11:30 Lunch Break 13:00 - 14:30; Keynote session from 13:20 - 14:20 (Room Oisans) sponsored by Mentor Graphics Coffee Break 16:00 - 17:00 Wednesday, March 11, 2015Coffee Break 10:00 - 11:00 Lunch Break 12:30 - 14:30, Keynote lectures from 12:50 - 14:20 (Room Oisans) Coffee Break 16:00 - 17:00 Thursday, March 12, 2015Coffee Break 10:00 - 11:00 Lunch Break 12:30 - 14:00, Keynote lecture from 13:20 - 13:50 Coffee Break 15:30 - 16:00 |
Visit us at DATE 2015
