An Event-Based System for Low-Power ECG QRS Complex Detection
Silvio Zanoli1, Tomas Teijeiro1, Fabio Montagna2 and David Atienza1
1Embedded Systems Laboratory (ESL), EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
2DEI, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
ABSTRACT
One of the greatest challenges in the design of modern wearable devices is energy efficiency. While data processing and communication have received a lot of attention from the industry and academia, leading to highly efficient microcontrollers and transmission devices, sensor data acquisition in medical devices is still based on a conservative paradigm that requires regular sampling at the Nyquist rate of the target signal. This requirement is usually excessive for sparse and highly non-stationary signals, leading to data overload and a waste of resources in the full processing pipeline. In this work, we propose a new system to create event-based heart-rate analysis devices, including a novel algorithm for QRS detection that is able to process electrocardiogram signals acquired irregularly and much below the theoretically-required Nyquist rate. This technique allows us to drastically reduce the average sampling frequency of the signal and, hence, the energy needed to process it and extract the relevant information. We implemented both the proposed event-based algorithm and a state-of-the-art version based on regular Nyquist rate based sampling on an ultra-low power hardware platform, and the experimental results show that the event-based version reduces the energy consumption in runtime up to 15.6 times, while the detection performance is maintained at an average F1 score of 99.5%.
Keywords: Event-Based Sampling, IOT, Low-Power Biosignal Processing, gQRS, ECG QRS Detection.
